Degree in Defense studies from the Faculty of Sociology, Political Science and Journalism, university of Ljubljana. Appointed president of the Committee for Basic People's Defence and Social Self-Protection within the framework of the youth organisation Alliance of Socialist Youth of Slovenia (ZSMS), 1982. Co-founder of MikroAda, a computer company functioning as a technical base for dissident activities, 1987-1989.  Arrested by the Slovene Secret Political Police (SDV) on account of his dissidence, detained in custody and tried before a military court without the right to legal representation, sentenced to 18 months imprisonment, 1988. Served as Vice-president of the Slovene Democratic Alliance (SDZ); deputy, following the first democratic elections; and later, president of the party council, 1990-1991. Elected president of the SDS for the first time, 1993.  Minister of Defence, 1990-1994, 2000.  Deputy and president of the SDS, 1995-1999, 2001-2004. Prime Minister of Slovenia, 2004 to 2008, from 2012 to 2013, and from 2020 to 2022.